Human Resource Management And The Hr Department - 1532 Words

Although Human Resource Management did begin as a administrative job, advancements in technology has increased a business’s resources to the point of needing this department to take on a more strategic role. The HR Department is or all intend and purposes the center point for the employees needs ranging from - payroll, benefits, vacation, as well as staying up to date with the legal matters. The roles the HR department have always been aimed at meeting the needs of the employee, with a strategic approach, the HR department will be continue to be aimed at meeting the needs of employees, as well ensuring the employees can meet the needs of the company as well. HR gives a more direct services to the employees, they assist with payroll complication s, vacation time, employee benefits and the laws regarding employment and safty. The laws regarding employment are constantly changing, and it is the duty of the HR department to know the up to date information of them all. Laws protect employees from discrimination due to sex, race, including those who have a disability. Originally in places like China, the HR department was known as the â€Å"personnel department† only focusing on employee relations (Pingping, Yanran, Yongxiang). But, in China it was not enough to only change the name, it was necessary to change the roles and duties as well. HR would need to be expanded to include the employees meeting the interest of the company as well. Different techniques such as pay forShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management And The Hr Department955 Words   |  4 PagesHuman resource management is the key to a business that runs smoothly and efficiently. The people that run the HR department have to be knowledgeable in many capacities such as interviewing, training, accounting, and ensuring that everyone is performing their job duties in a high quality way. Recruitment of personnel is one of the main things that most think of when they hear human resource management. You can be guaranteed that anyone earning a paycheck in the building has gone through theRead MoreHuman Resources Department Is Responsible For Performing Hr Management Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe human-resources department is responsible for performing HR management. This includes overseeing numerous aspects of employment, such as compliance with labor laws, employee benefits, recruitment and retention just to name a few. According to APHSA (2016), there are four primary functions for which HR is responsible: Executing HR Administrative Functions; Developing Talent; Influencing Culture; and Influencing Direction. By executing HR admin functions the department; builds trust with administrationRead MoreFunctional Area Plan: Human Resources1435 Words   |  6 PagesFunctional area Plan: Human Resources Member of Managing Mugs Human Resources Manager Composition The roles of Human Resources (HR) professionals are changing. HR managers were previously viewed as the patrolling unit of executive management. Yaduvanshi (n.d.) says that â€Å"their role was associated with personnel and administration functions that organization viewed as paperwork. In this role, the HR professional served executive agendas well, but was frequently viewed as a road-block by theRead MoreThe Changing Role of Hr Management1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Changing Role of HR Management University of Phoenix Human Resources Management The Changing Role of HR Management For years, businesses relied on personnel departments for the management of their employees. The primary concerns of the personnel departments included attendance records, benefits, and salary. Therefore, the personnel departments did not consider the importance of contributions a company’s employees made to the business. These contributions included such things as diversityRead MoreStrategic Planning : Mission And Strategic Objectives1543 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic planning is one of the most critical human resource management challenges facing both the private and public health sectors in today’s market. Strategic planning can equip University Hospital with the methodology to go from a decentralized platform to a centralized platform. Effective strategic planning requires a strong Human Resources department and also strong executive leadership as well. This will help show a clearly articulated vision, mission and strategic objectives. StrategicRead MoreHum an Resources : A Fundamental Department Of An Organization913 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources is a fundamental department of an organisation; this is because it focuses on the management of the personnel within the company. Human resources has been identified as ‘the source of sustainable competitive advantage and success, this is true when human resources management policies and practices are implemented with the main strategies and objectives set by the company itself. Strategic human resources management emphasises the successfulness of combining policies, strategies andRead MoreThe Importance Of A Good Human Resource Department1748 Words   |  7 PagesA good human resource department is essential to any successful businesses in today’s society. Before human resource managers were seen as people who deal with employee disputes and little more, now this is just one small part of their role to organisations. Human resource is a huge department for reasons as be ing a key planner in helping company’s employee performances. In this essay I will be exploring the different types of personnel management that is used, assessing the roles of human resourceRead MoreImplement Plan for Eagle’s Nest Hotel Inc Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesImplement plan for Eagle’s Nest Hotel Inc Human Resource Department [pic] Name: Xiong Words: 1507 Table of content: Overview....................................................................................................................................3 Impact of human resource department.......................................................................................3 Time plan..........................................Read MoreHenry Ford Health Systems: Human Resources Models Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesFord Health Systems Human Resources department operates under an organized structure. The HFMG is organized as a blend of group and academic practice. The HFMG Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chairs, and Center Directors lead it (Kelley 2011). The body that oversees the different departments, including the Human Resources department, is an elected Board of Governors (Figure 1). Figure 1 can help in visualizing all this. The head of the Human Resources Department is also the seniorRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm ) Concepts1429 Words   |  6 PagesHuman resource management (HRM) concepts are strongly tied to management effectiveness as well as an organizations overall success. In this report the author will examine the importance of a strong human resource department and how that influences the day-to-day running of t he business. â€Å"Increasingly, what makes organizations effectiveness is how they organize staff and manage their human capital. It’s important for organizations to have the right amount of financial capital and hard assets, but

EL wk Free Essays

Unfortunately there is a lot of concern about whether or not many searchers have the proper knowledge or experience working in or living in diverse environments (Robinson Clearly, 2011). One way of dealing with this is to integrate ways to approach cultural diversity throughout the teaching program. Once teachers are given the proper techniques then dealing with and approaching diversity will be much easier. We will write a custom essay sample on EL wk or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another great way to acknowledge cultural diversity is to integrate it into all aspects of education. Social studies is a great subject to pull from, but it does not end there. Although the case study was for Korea, Johnson Choc, had mom great ideas of how to educate others regarding cultural diversity. He states that the main goal was to â€Å"plans are to teach children of multicultural families Korean culture, to help them learn Korean as well as their mother tongue, and to provide after school programs so that the children can adjust themselves to the education system† (Johnson, 2010). The idea of having after school programs to aid ELL’s and their families in learning English is terrific. This will extend the learning time outside of the classroom for those who would be interested in participating, as well as, offering childcare during after school hours. As an educator it is important to reach out to families of English Language Learners and connect with them. Teachers must encourage families to participate in school functions and aid in the success of their child’s education. Connecting with families has many positive outcomes, but one in particular is squashing the idea that immigrant and minority cultural values are dysfunctional (Syria, 201 1). Therefore, it is important to work together as a school and community to ensure students and their families feel welcomed. Inviting members of the community into the classroom who are great cultural role models is a great way of accomplishing this. Syria suggest six ideas or target areas that can be helpful, and they are, assisting families with parenting skills, improve communication with families, increase opportunities for families to volunteer at school, help increase family involvement in student learning at home, ensure that families play a role in school decision making, and increase collaboration with the community (Syria, 2011). With this in mind survey your community and connect with families, then develop activities that will ensure their involvement and cooperation. Below are examples of three activities that honor and respect cultural diversity. Activity One: Celebrate Cinch De Mayo This will be a two part activity to be done during class time and after school. To begin, as a class we will be creating decorations for a potluck type dinner that evening, and decorating the gymnasium or community hall. We will need different types of paper, material, glue, string, and tape. This would also be a great opportunity for students to bring things from home that represent their culture. We could use these things as centerpieces on the tables. Prior to these activities flyers will be sent home in both English and Spanish to inform families of the projects, and the celebration. The flyer will not only request their appearance, but to also bring their favorite Cinch De Mayo dish. This activity is addressing the Spanish speaking community and bringing a part of their culture into the classroom and outside of the classroom. Let’s face it who does not like a celebration with, food, family, and fun. This provides a great opportunity to teach social studies and the history of Cinch De Mayo and its importance. It is also a great tool for art, science, reading and math. Activity Two: Open House Volunteers At the first open house of the year have parents sign up as classroom lepers for days of importance from their culture. You would partner with the parents to gather information on what day they would like to honor from their culture. The parents would be your best resource for what children could learn from them. You and the parent could meet the week before the event to plan the activities, worksheets, etc. And by doing this you have an ongoing dialogue with parents, parents become active participants in learning, and it gives the English learner student a greater sense of pride and inclusion into an often otherwise difficult transition. This can target all cultural groups within the classroom. The materials are minimal at first and consist of calendars in English and the home language to mark the important dates, pens or markers, and welcome flyers. Please note that a calendar in each language should be sent home with the families. From there as you develop activities your supply list will change as needed. This again will pull from all subjects within the classroom and involve both students and their families. Activity Three: Homemade Dictionary In this activity you will devise a dictionary to help the students and their arenas with the transition in English language learning. You could include pictures with the words to help with translation and understanding. You could ask parents to submit suggestions for words from their language that are commonly used and create a page of English words and their language words for a better understanding of language the student might be using. This would be extremely helpful to you and to other students who are trying to befriend the English language learner and include them in activities in the classroom. This activity will target all cultures within the classroom and will be extremely helpful in all subjects, but mainly in Language Arts. The materials will be minimal at first, because you want to compile lists that will then be transferred to poster board and located throughout the classroom. So pens, pencils, and paper is all that is necessary to begin. The great thing about this activity is that it will not only help the students, but the teacher as well. It is not uncommon for non-English Language learners to get stuck for words from time to time, so having these prompts through out the classroom in both English and the home language will help everyone in class to monomaniac. Teaching cultural diversity within the classroom is important to everyone. It is not only helpful to the teacher and English language learner, but it also teaches the other students to respect other cultures and their beliefs. The over all goals here is to teach ELL students the English language, but we do not want them to completely leave out their heritage and beliefs. Inclusion is futile and we can do this by involving their families and educating them on how to take part in their child’s education. This can be accomplished by making sure teachers are give the proper techniques to approach diversity, and connecting with culturally diverse families, and figures throughout the community. How to cite EL wk, Papers

Discuss the impacts of storm events in the British Isles and evaluate the response to them free essay sample

The British Isles have variable weather, which may differ from day to day and many storms can pass unnoticed. They regularly experience stormy weather from depressions mainly originating in the Atlantic and move East to the UK due to its location at about 50 degrees north where the Polar Jet Stream will often cross over bringing these unpredictable weather systems. Depressions are areas of low atmospheric pressure which produce cloudy, windy and stormy weather. This essay will be using the largest storms in the last 30 years including The Great Storm, 1987 and the Burns Day Storm, 1990 to relate the impacts which these storms create in social, economic and environmental terms and how the British Isles have responded to such events. The Great Strom in 1987 was famously known for being undetected until it hit during the night and caused huge devastation to the British Isles, France, Spain, Belgium and Norway. It hit the South West South East of England with a maximum gust of 122 mph in Norfolk. In addition the highest hourly mean wind speed was 85 mph at Shoreham-by-Sea and was sustained for 20 minutes. The social damage was huge; 19 people were killed, mainly from collapsing buildings and structures or falling debris. However had this storm been during the day time the death toll would have been much higher as we saw in the Burns Day Storm in 1990 where 97 were killed, due to trees and more people being outdoors. The Great Storm also left hundreds of thousands homes without electricity. The National Grid faced heavy damage from short circuits and overheating, as a result, all of London’s power was turned off. There were also many blocked roads and railways which prevented people from working for the next few days. this meant the London stock market was suspended twice and the disruption meant the City was unable to respond to deals; The Dow Jones Industrial Average recorded its biggest ever one day slide. The structural damage also heavily affected the UK economy with an estimated cost of damage of ? 1. 2 billion and ? 15 billion on insurance claims. A secondary impact of this was that it meant premiums went up for everyone in the next year. Similarly, the storm in 1990 disrupted power to over 500,000 homes, it cost UK insurers ? 3. 36 billion, being the most expensive event to UK insurers, and fallen trees meant all major roads were blocked causing disruption to work and services. Environmentally these storms have huge impacts; the Great Storm blew down 15 million trees, Burns Day Storm only 3 million but suffered from severe flooding in England and West Germany. Flooding is not uncommon in the British Isles, an example of another storm causing floods is the winter storm Undine, 1991 where the winds caused a huge surge of seawater and waves of up to 30 m were recorded out at sea. Although these impacts seem unbeneficial to the environment, the last large storm, St Judes 2013, has proven that there are some positives experienced. Firstly the UK wind industry benefits as last years storm generated 2. 8 million megawatt hours or electricity for the National Grid in December- enough to power more than 5. 7 million homes. On the 21st December 17% of the nations total electricity demand was met by turbines, the highest ever met. Secondly heavy rains across Britain mean that the water supply industry benefits. The rainfall in December and early January ensured that reservoir stocks were above average therefore the resource is in a good position for this years (2014) summer. In the future more we can take advantage of the storms by building more reservoirs to catch more water for the growing population. In addition floods and storms are important to the `British Wildlife and much of it is used to wet weather. Small floods stimulate fish migration and clean rivers; larger floods fertilize soil on floodplains and provide new habitats. In addition there have been rear-record numbers of wading birds as a direct result of the rains due to the mild, wet conditions. Although the UK is used to stormy weather, when such catastrophic events occur it is difficult to prepare for and responses may not be as efficient as those countries hit by storms such as those in 1987 and 1990. There was very little prediction to the Great Storm because funding cuts meant there were no weather ships in the Atlantic to warn of the cyclone, and many had gone to bed by the time it had approached. The met office was heavily blamed for the quote by forecaster Michael Fish â€Å"don’t worry, there isn’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  when he told a woman that there was no hurricane on the way. In addition a response was to not inform some services such as the fire brigade until 3am, as a consequence two firefighters were killed by a tree falling on the truck on the way to a call. The fire brigade had 6000 calls in 24 hours. The poor warnings meant that these services were overwhelmed and underprepared although did the best to take people to safety from collapsing buildings during the night. At the time the met office was also unsure about how long the storm would last and how bad it would be. Due to the lack of coordinated prediction and response improvements in technology were made. For example observational coverage of the atmosphere over the ocean to the south and west of the UK was improved by increasing the quality and quantity of ships, aircraft, buoys and satellites. Refinements were made to computer models used in forecasting. In reference to the environment a great deal of money and time was spent cleaning up wooded areas and forests, which are highly important to the British culture. Some landowners, such as the National Trust did not attempt to clear up and replant as they realised there was an opportunity to study the patterns of natural regeneration after such an event. This may not be the most convectional response but it may help in the long term for studies. By looking at the response to the storm 3 years later advancements can already been seen: the Met Office predicted it early on from observation from two ships in the Atlantic near the developing storm before it reached the UK. Warnings were increase to force 11 and eventually to hurricane force 12. This primary response was much more efficient and the agencies had learned from its previous mistakes. However research afterwards showed than most of the general public were not able to understand the severity of the warnings. This lead to more awareness about the understanding of storms among the public by the KNMI who started a teletext page and the introduction of special warnings for extreme wether events in reaction to this. The evidence suggests that although the British Isles have had poor responses, they are improving especially considering storm of that size typically have a return period of 1 in 200 years. It appears that these storms are getting more frequent so actions are being taken especially to make sure the public is aware of what is happening, to have teams ready to rescue from buildings and floods and to help residents return to normal life. Seeing that there is little to do to prevent trees falling and the damage from the winds this is the most important aspect. We can see that currently floods from upto 80 mph storms are causing damage to the British Isles and the army has already been helping rescue people. The Prime Minister has announced details of flood support packages including: 5,000 â€Å"repair and renew† grant for all affected homeowners and businesses, another Business Support Scheme worth up to ? 10million for SME businesses in areas affected by the floods and a ? 10 million fund for farmers suffering water-logged fields to help restore it to farmable land as quickly as possible. In conclusion storm events in the British Isles have hugely impacted all areas and continue to do so more frequently. The responses of the largest have not been exceptional due to under preparation however the advancements in weather prediction, warning systems and aid afterwards have majorly improved in the last 30 years. If these storms do become more common then responses from the ones in the past will help see what needs to be done before and after.

My Impact free essay sample

While I have only been alive for 17 short years, going on 18, I have always known that I have wanted to help any and every one. I’m not going to bore you with how sad most of my life has been, but I will tell you that I have felt a great deal of pain in the small amount of time that I have been on this Earth. I have failed my parents, my school, and even myself. My mother left when I was just a little girl, my dad had a lot of anger issues—issues he took a long time to figure out; I was so small, and it felt as if the world had a big, crimson-colored cloud hanging above it. Growing up I was a very angry child. In the next years to come, I became so upset, and obsessed with my sadness that I started taking it out on myself. We will write a custom essay sample on My Impact or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many years passed before I came to the realization that I could be happy. In order to be happy, I had to want it. After coming to my senses I sought out for help. The road to recovery was a long, bumpy road, filled with god-awful memories. These memories, though, are memories that help me get through each and every day, even now. Because of the unfortunate events in my life, I feel as if I know how to help others, because I know what it’s like. I know what it’s like to not have a mother, I know what it’s like to look at yourself in the mirror and not feel an ounce of love, and most of all, I know what it’s like to go through this world with an anger-filled heart. This is what drives me to impact my world around me. All of my failures and successes have driven me to become a better person. I want nothing more now than to help wherever necessary. I dream of becoming a counselor to help others similar to me, and those who couldn’t be more different.â€Å"Be the change you wish to see in this world.† Gandhi knew what he was talking about. This quote speaks to me, and always will. I will not stop until I have reached my full potential and helped every human being, animal, business, and ideologies that are possible. I will leave my mark on this world in the best ways possible.

Health Is The State Of Well Being Social Work Essays

Health Is The State Of Well Being Social Work Essays Health Is The State Of Well Being Social Work Essay Health Is The State Of Well Being Social Work Essay I have chosen this definition due to my exposure in nursing as a pupil, I have attained the decision that the word wellness to an ordinary person in the general populace is refering to the whole organic structure which is, free of any unwellness or any disease which can forestall the normal physical, emotional and religious operation of an mean human being. In order to hold a good wellness, an single ought to be able to execute all of the activities of day-to-day life, such as, being able to keep strong societal relationships ; being able to kip good and eat good ; being able to make things that can be contributed to the society or community and besides being able to look after oneself. Mental wellness is the status whereby persons are non merely free of any major mental wellness upsets but is holding the right province of cognitive, emotional and psychological well being. With all these facets, an person is able to transport out activities in the society, and run into the ordinary demands of mundane life. I have chosen this definition is based on my exposure to mental wellness in the infirmary scene, the most commonly account refering to mental wellness expressed by ordinary people of the society is merely whether an person is holding the ability to take part in normal activities of day-to-day life ; able to pass on usually with the society ; able to get by with reverses in life, such as personal job, household jobs and even relationships jobs ; able to show one s ain emotion and in conclusion one who can hold the positive sense of ego. However, many persons of the society ever have the misconception between mental wellness and mental unwellness. In fact, mental wellness is holding the capableness to equilibrate any emotional, societal, psychological and biological factors. Whereas mental unwellness is a diagnosable upset that affects an person s cognitive, emotional or societal abilities. My ain thoughts about mental wellness and mental unwellness came from reading books ; reading diary articles which are refering to mental wellness and mental unwellness and by sing as a nursing pupil during clinical arrangements. Yes, I do believe that despite that an person is being diagnosed with mental unwellness, however, they are still considered every bit healthy as ordinary persons. As holding a mental unwellness such as bipolar disease ; anxiousness upset or schizophrenic disorder does non intend that an person is non healthy. Mental unwellness will merely act upon on the affect of the cognitive, behavioral, communicating and rational abilities of an person. The facets of being healthy is that an person is capable of transporting out activities of day-to-day life such as, being able to get by with day-to-day emphasiss ; expression after oneself ; populating a good quality of life. Even though, these persons might be holding so mental upset, but it may be at a different grade of badness, where different persons may see different types of symptoms. Equally long as these persons are able to eat and kip good they are considered as healthy and holding the organic structure organs to work at an acceptable d egree. Mental unwellness is an on-going unwellness where it can repeat anytime in life which needs changeless direction. If mental unwellness is being decently good taken cared and early sensing was made, most persons are able to mend wholly with no extra episodes of unwellness. Although some persons will be sing ongoing symptoms of mental unwellness, but these persons still can populate a full and productive life every bit long as it is the symptoms are being managed good. I have understood the significance of recovery in mental unwellness through reading books. It was meant non merely about the full recovery in mental unwellness where 1 is to the full recovery without mental unwellness, but it is really the province where an person is able to populate their life meaningfully in malice of holding a mental unwellness ( Muir-Cochrane, Barkway A ; Nizette 2010, p. 4 ) . It every bit good intend that the persons are able to happen occupations, where they can work and back up themselves financially ; taking the duty in occupations ; holding the ability to pull off a long term relationship ; holding the ability to look after themselves ; able to show their emotions and feelings. Populating meaningfully is non merely free of the mental unwellness, it every bit long as one is capable to populate life with hopefulness and dreams that they want to accomplish and able to lend to the society. Recovery emphasizes that although persons may non be able to hold full direction over their symptoms but they still can hold full control over their lives. Stigma is where the society discriminates or labels a group of persons who are non every bit worthy as the normal persons of the society ( Morrison-Valfre 2009, p. 73 ) such as, either persons who are with a physical disablement or mental unwellness. Persons who are sing stigma with mental unwellness might be affected in the undermentioned ways. Unemployment, the persons will see troubles in acquiring a occupation, or the employers are unwilling to use persons with mental unwellness. As a consequence the person will be unemployed and they ca nt back up themselves financially. Stigma can halt persons from seeking aid from the public even if they are meeting some symptoms of mental unwellness, due to the shame or reluctant which they experienced after being stigmatized by the society. This can decrease the effectivity of the intervention if it is delayed, as the earlier the intervention commence the better the results will be. Persons may experience being isolated from the society, therefore persons with mental unwellness feel that they are being rejected by the society and hence are unwilling to acquire along with people. Persons might hold low ego regard, they will be given to fault themselves for holding this mental upset or they might lost all assurance for everything in life and even perpetrating self-destruction as they feel they are useless. Mention lists Mental wellness recovery theoretical account n.d. , Fairfax Country, Virginia, viewed 11 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fairfaxcountry.gov/csb/region/Resources/mhrecoverymodel.pdf gt ; . Mental wellness: beef uping mental wellness publicity 2010, World Health Organization, Switzerland, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs220/en/ gt ; . Department of Health and Ageing, What is mental unwellness? , Australian Government 2007, Australia, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/B7B7F4865637BF8ECA2572ED001C4CB4/ $ File/whatmen.pdf gt ; . The stigma of mental unwellness n.d. , Toby House Inc, USA, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tobyhouse.com/mentalillness/stigma.htm gt ; . Sherman, P 2007, Stigma, mental unwellness and civilization, Scribd, USA, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scribd.com/doc/11731670/The-Stigma-of-Mental-Illness gt ; . Barkway, P 2009, Mental wellness A ; mental unwellness A ; ATOD , talk notes distributed in the subject NURS 2108 Mental Health and Mental Illness, Flinders University, Bedford Park on 10 August 2010. Flinders University 2010, Study program: NURS 2108 Mental Health and Mental Illness , Flinders University, Bedford Park. Mental Health 2010, Wikipedia, USA, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health gt ; . Health 2010, Wikipedia, USA, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health gt ; . Muir-Cochrane, E, Barkway, P A ; Nizette, D 2010, Mosby s pocketbook of mental wellness, Elsevier Australia, Chatswood. Challenging stigma 2005, Response Ability, Australia, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.responsibility.org/client_images/33762.pdf gt ; . Morrison-Valfre, M 2009, Foundations of mental wellness attention, 4th edn, Mosby Elsevier, USA.

Adoption and indian society

Adoption and indian society Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Adoption and indian society Adoption provides a very important function in Indian society. India has long tradition of child adoption. In older days, it was restricted within the family and was covered by social and religious practices. But with the changing times, adoption beyond the contour of family has been institutionalized and legalized. Adoption is the institutionalized practice through which an individual belonging by birth to one kinship group acquires new kinship ties that are socially and legally defines as equivalent to the congenital ties. These new ties supersede the old ones either wholly or in part.   [ 1 ]    To protect abandoned and destitute children, goal is to find a family for as many orphan children as possible and to safeguard their interest as visualized in the UN Convention on child rights and Hague Convention on Inter country adoption ratified by India government. One of the motivations to adopt a child could be a desire to give a home to a child who needs one, wanting a child of the other gender, or for the welfare of the destitute and abandon child.   [ 2 ]    The dictionary meaning of the term ‘adoption’ is the act of taking and rearing of the child of other’s parents as one’s own child. Attitudes and laws regarding adoption vary greatly. Not all cultures have the concept of adoption. One of the biggest examples is Adoption is permitted amongst Hindus under statute. The fact that adoption means legal affiliation of a child, it is subject of personal law. The attempt to bring in the concept of secular adoption has gone into vain several times. Article 44 of the Constitution declares that ‘The State shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India.’ In the year 1972, the Adoption of Children Bill was not approved as the Muslims opposed it. Then again in year 1980 a similar attempt was made to bring in all communities under one regulator y body except the Muslims that too was opposed. The enactment of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 is definitely a significant effort of the legislature towards recognition of adoption of orphan, abandoned and surrendered children by people irrespective of their religious status. This has been a major leap forward. This paper deals with a comparative study of adoption under Hindu law and Muslim law and various other aspects relating to adoption. To expand a family, adoption is the most basic reason that stimulates the desire in individuals to adopt a child provided that parents cannot bear a child owing to some reasons. Most common requirement in order to adopt a child is that a person should be a major and of sound mind. In order to adopt a child under Guardianship and Wards Act, 1890, guardian who is appointed to a child, the age of majority is 21 years. Position Under Hindu Law Hindus are allowed to legally adopt a child. Other communities could onl y act as legal guardians of the children. Under Shastric Hindu Law, two main aim of adoption are as follows:

Analysing Of The Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysing Of The Paper - Essay Example I specifically like this statement which defines how business organizations should go about the extension: "Unless the Brand name is strategically able to brand its extension to their customers and is capable to achieve this goal through similarities then and only then the success is higher. A company should extend their products as long as it is appropriate and along the lines of their products and or services. But, if the company wishes to expand to a class and or category different or other than what they are in, then there is a higher chance of failure." Do you mean that different brands should be used in different sectors or categories Your discussion is very informative. Instead of focusing only in the advantages and disadvantages of brand extensions, you have made the leap through identifying the steps which should be considered by marketers. My question is, can you discuss more on distancing techniques How is it done Richard Branson's extreme personality should be credited for his venture in numerous unrelated product categories.

Referencing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Referencing - Essay Example 2015]. Kinsella, P., 2013, Manchester – Britain’s ‘Second City’ Reports Bumper Tourist Numbers, [online] Knight Knox International, Available at: http://www.knightknox.com/news/article/manchester-britains-second-city-reports-bumper-tourist-numbers [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Manchester City Council, 2014, A1 Manchester Factsheet-November 2014, [online] Available at: http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCcQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchester.gov.uk%2Fdownload%2Fdownloads%2Fid%2F22534%2Fa01_manchester_factsheet_updated_november_2014&ei=8n_zVKejMo3JPa3AgJgG&usg=AFQjCNGtnHYf_83aFaM15b5gchWiKMEP0g&bvm=bv.87269000,d.ZWU this is Manchester factsheet 2013 [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Manchester City Council, 2015, Introduction | Whitworth Street Conservation Area | Manchester City Council, [online] Available at: http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/511/conservation_areas/970/whitworth_street_conservation_area [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Manchester Evening News, 2010, Citys new vision in angled glass, [online] Available at: http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/citys-new-vision-in-angled-glass-1000706 [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Marketing Manchester, 2014, Hotel Occupancy in Greater Manchester, [online] Available at: http://www.marketingmanchester.com/media/80938/hotel%20occupancy%20dec%202014%20final.pdf [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Marketing Manchester, 2014, Conference Value & Volume, [online] Available at: http://www.marketingmanchester.com/media/76001/conference%20value%20and%20volume%202014%20-%20reporting%20summary.pdf [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Marketing Manchester, n.d., The Greater Manchester Destination Management Plan 2014-2017, [online] Available at: http://www.marketingmanchester.com/media/72887/dmp%20final%20version%20-%20july%202014.pdf [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Marketing Manchester, n.d., The Greater

Jennifer Lopez Essay Example for Free

Jennifer Lopez Essay Jennifer Lopez is a successful Hispanic women that has been influential. She has done many positive acts throughout her life. From all the accomplishments she has achieved much success. Jennifer Lopez was born July 24th, 1969 in Bronx New York. She was a daughter of Puerto Rican parents Guadalupe Rodrà ­guez and David Lopez. She has two sisters Lynda and Leslie that she grew up with. Lopez was into singing and dancing starting at the age of five. She spent her whole entire career in catholic schools. She grew up with the religion of being a Roman Catholic. During her adult years she had financed in singing and dancing lessons for herself at the age of nineteen. Lopez divided her time between working as a notary public in a legal office, dance classes, and dance performances in Manhattan night clubs. Jennifer Lopez started to get into the music and the acting career. After months of auditioning dance roles she was selected as a dancer for various music videos. Jennifer’s first album was released June 1, 1999 and reached the top ten Billboard 200. Her acting career started in 1995. Lopez became the first actress singer to have a film at number one the same week. She has still continued her music career throughout the years. She has also had an acting career. She received wide-spread praise for her performance in the movie ‘Selena’ including a Gallah Globe Award for best actress. She also acted in many other movies. Even though there was many good things happening in Jennifer’s life she also had problems. For example in her marriage which later led to divorce. There were both personal and professional jealousies. Mark and Jennifer didn’t get along anymore and they decided to go their separate ways. On July 15, 2011, following seven years of marriage to Mark Anthony, the couples representative told Us Weekly that their marriage was over and as painful as it would be for all those involved, the couple were separating. Jennifer Lopez accomplished many acts throughout her life. She was the first Latina getting paid over a million for a project of music . In 2003, she was the highest paying Latina in Hollywood. Her second album was five times platinum. She was the first women to have a number one movie and album at the same time. Jennifer Lopez perfume â€Å"Glow† was the number one perfume in more than nine countries in more than 4 months. She was number one in the FHM’s list of the sexiest females in the world. She owned a clothing line â€Å"J.Lo† By Jennifer Lopez† 25 million copies were sold worldwide. She is a supporter of Children’s Hospital in Los Angeles. She was presented with the Children’s Humanitarian Award. She worked with the sounds of Pertusis March and Dimes. For all her great work and accomplishments Jennifer Lopez has been one of the most influential Hispanic women. For all the great things that she has done women of all ages admire her as well as men who arfe her fans.

Chromium :: essays research papers

Chromium Chromium is a very hard, brittle, gray metal, which is sometimes referred to as Siberian red lead. It does not rust easily and becomes shiny and bright when it is polished. The shiny trim on our automobile bumpers and door handles is usually electroplated chromium. Most chromium comes from something called chromite which is a mixture of chromium , iron, and oxygen. Chromite is a common rather ordinary black mineral that no one really noticed until more recent times. Nearly all the world's supply of chromite comes from Zimbabwe, Russia, Turkey, South Africa, Cuba, and the Philippines. The United States imports almost all its chromite. Chromium is added to other metals to make them harder and more resistant to chemicals. Small quantities mixed with steel make the metal stainless. Stainless steel is used to make cutlery and kitchen equipment because it does not rust easily and takes a mirror-like polish. This steel contains about 13 percent chromium and 0.3 percent carbon. The hardness of steel can be increased by adding small quantities of chromium to it. Chromium steel alloys (mixtures containing one or more metals) are used to make armor plating for tanks and warships. They are also used for ball bearings and the hard cutting edges of high-speed machine tools. Nickel is highly resistant to electric current and is often added to chromium steels to make them easier to work. For example, stainless steel sinks can be pressed out from flat sheets of steel that can contain 18 percent chomium and 8 percent nickel. When nickel is mixed with chromium, the resulting metal can stand very high temperatures without corroding. For example, the heating elements of toasters can be made from an alloy that is 80 percent nickel and 20 percent chromium. This metal operates at a temperature of about 1380 degrees Fahrenheit (750 degrees Celsius). Chromium was discovered in 1798 by the French chemist Nicolas Vauquelin. He chose the name chromium from the Greek word chroma, which means color. Chromium was a good choice of name, many chromium compounds are brightly colored. Rubies are red and emeralds are green because they contain chromium compounds. Some of the brightest colors in the artist's palette contain chromium. Chrome yellow is made from a substance which contains chromium, lead, and oxygen. Zinc yellow contains zinc, chromium and oxygen. Chrome red is another chromium compound. Chrome green is used in paints and in printing cotton

Financial Management Essay

The required rate of return is rs = 10. 1%, and the constant growth rate is g = 4. 0%. What is the current stock price? a. $23. 11b. $23. 70c. $24. 31d. $24. 93e. $25. 57e 8- Ratio analysis involves analyzing financial statements in order to appraise a firm’s financial position and strength. | | | a. | True| b. | FalseA| 9- Profitability ratios show the combined effects of liquidity, asset management, and debt management on operating results. | | | a. | True| b. | False| A 10 – One problem with ratio analysis is that relationships can be manipulated. For example, if our current ratio is greater than 1. , then borrowing on a short-term basis and using the funds to build up our cash account would cause the current ratio to increase. | | | a. | True| b. | False| B| | 11 – Arshadi Corp. ‘s sales last year were $52,000, and its total assets were $22,000. What was its total assets turnover ratio? | | | a. | 2. 03| b. | 2. 13| c. | 2. 25| d. | 2. 36| e. | 2. 48| D 12 – Rappaport Corp. ‘s sales last year were $320,000, and its net income after taxes was $23,000. What was its profit margin on sales? c| | | a. | 6. 49%| b. | 6. 83%| c. | 7. 19%| d. | 7. 55%| e. | 7. 92%| 3 – The first, and most critical, step in constructing a set of forecasted financial statements is the sales forecast. a. Trueb. Falsea| 14- According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, investors are primarily concerned with portfolio risk, not the risks of individual stocks held in isolation. Thus, the relevant risk of a stock is the stock’s contribution to the riskiness of a well-diversified portfolio. a. True b. False a 18 – Diversification will normally reduce the riskiness of a portfolio of stocks. a. True b. False 19- If the returns of two firms are negatively correlated, then one of them must have a negative beta. . True b. False a 20 – Which of the following statements best describes what you should expect if you randomly select stocks and add them to your portfolio? a. Adding more such stocks will reduce the portfolio’s unsystematic, or diversifiable, risk. b. Adding more such stocks will increase the portfolio’s expected rate of return. c. Adding more such stocks will reduce the portfolio’s beta coefficient and thus its systematic risk. d. Adding more such stocks will have no effect on the portfolio’s risk. e. Adding more such stocks will reduce the portfolio’s market risk but not its unsystematic risk. A

Essay on Junk Food Essay

Most of today’s Americans are killing themselves with food. Everywhere I go, all I see is fast-food restaurants, lousy eating habits and unconscious people. They don’t seem to make eating habits a priority anymore. I think that people forgot one of the fundamental aspects of the human body: you are what you eat. If you eat fat, you will be fat. It is as logical to me as saying that if you drink five gallons of gasoline, you will die. Thus, I think that children should begin learning good food habits at a young age, so that the doom of an America where people die of heart failure in their twenties can be avoided. Let’s start with fast-food. The best example of this phenomenon is the so-loved – or so-dreaded, in my point of view – Mc Donald’s. I have seen all sorts of awkward situations in these weight enhancement centers. Just lately, they stated that their chicken was now real white chicken. This makes me wonder, how was their chicken before? What was I eating in my Mc Chicken (or not) when their chicken was not chicken? God knows. Even though Mc Donald’s restaurants offer ridiculously low-quality food, millions of people continue eating it regularly. I think I know the reason why: they are lazy. Why make the effort of carefully planning your nutrition when you can pick up a box of junk right off the shelves? I was shocked when I got here and witnessed the obsession that people have with carbohydrates. For every single product (or almost) that is bad for your health, there is another one that is identified as â€Å"low-carb†. To me, this means â€Å"less bad†; I think we can agree that less bad does not mean good. Instead of wanting to eat the same junk with a bit less carbohydrates, people should rather try to change their alimentation to one that is going to be healthy and nutritious. This is the era of communications, technology, stress and hurry. Everything just keeps getting faster, and this includes eating. People don’t take the time to eat slowly anymore. It is scientifically proven that when you eat too fast, you over-eat. This is due to the fact that the status of the stomach (whether it is full or not) is reported to the brain within a ten minute delay. Thus, if you eat too fast, you probably won’t know when to stop. As result of this, your stomach will be overfilled and will stretch without shrinking back afterwards. So, the next time you eat, your stomach  will get larger, and larger, and so on. This will go on until the point where you will die of plumpness. Since these habits are developed at a young age, students should be taught to eat slowly in order to avoid this problem. In conclusion, weight problems in the United States are due to two realities: junk food and bad eating habits. If students were better educated at a young age, over-weight would most probably not be a major issue for Americans.

The role of footwear and foot characteristics in reducing falls in older people The WritePass Journal

The role of footwear and foot characteristics in reducing falls in older people Introduction The role of footwear and foot characteristics in reducing falls in older people NICE (2011) NICE-recommended risk assessments help prevent falls in elderly nice.org.uk/newsroom/news/NICERecommendedRiskAssessmentsHelpPreventFallsInElderly.jsp Accessed 28/2/13 Sherrington Catherine; Menz, Hylton B.; (2002) An evaluation of footwear worn at the time of fall†related hip fracture AGE AGEING, Volume: 32  Ã‚   Issue: 3  Ã‚   Pages: 310-314. Spink, Martin J.; Fotoohabadi, Mohammad R.; Wee, Elin; (2011a) Foot and ankle strength, range of motion, posture, and deformity are associated with balance and functional ability in older adults ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION,   Volume: 92  Ã‚   Issue: 1  Ã‚   Pages: 68-75 Spink, Martin J.; Menz, Hylton B.; Fotoohabadi, Mohammad R.; Wee, Elin; Landorf, Karl B.; Hill, Keith D. Lord, Stephen R.; (2011b) Effectiveness of a multifaceted podiatry intervention to prevent falls in community dwelling older people with disabling foot pain: randomised controlled trial BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Volume: 342  Ã‚   Pages: 1-8 Tencer AF.; Koepsell TD.; Wolf ME.; Frankenfeld CL.; Buchner DM.; Kukull WA.; LaCroix AZ.; Larson EB.; Tautvydas M.; (2004) Biomechanical properties of shoes and risk of falls in older adults JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY; Volume: 52  Ã‚   Issue: 11  Ã‚   Pages: 1840- 1846 The role of footwear and foot characteristics in reducing falls in older people Introduction The role of footwear and foot characteristics in reducing falls in older people IntroductionFoot characteristicsFootwearConclusionsReferencesRelated Introduction The results section will look at the two main themes from this essay, namely foot characteristics and footwear and their role in falls, and will discuss the main themes in the literature within these two headings. Foot characteristics There are a number of foot characteristics associated with balance and functional ability. Ankle strength, flexibility and range of motion (inversion/eversion and dorsiflexion), hallux plantar flexion strength and plantar tactile sensitivity have been found to be significant predictors of balance and functional performance (Spink et al., 2011a; Mickle et al., 2011; Menz et al., 2005). Disabling foot pain is one of the highest risks in elderly falls and pain in the region of the toe is the most common complaint (Mickle et al. 2010). These findings are in accord with Badlissi et al. (2005) who found that hallux valgus and other toe deformities are the most common disorders. However, in contrast they also found these were often asymptomatic and had no functional limitation (Badlissi et al. 2005).   Mickle et al. (2010) found that the highest risk of falls was in elderly with higher plantar peak pressures and pressure time intervals on the MFPDI, demonstrating that those with less plantar sensitivity were at significant risk, in accord with this Mickle et al. (2010) found individuals with reduced FHFS scores had plantar fasciitis and pes cava. Disabling foot pain has been found to reduce balance, step and stride length, and walking speeds (Mickle et al. 2011). Interventions that can reduce the risk of falls in older adults are exercises to strengthen and increase flexibility in the ankle and foot. Spink et al. (2011b) showed significant reductions in falls risk of individuals that followed a regime of foot and ankle stretches and exercise. This finding is in accord with suggestions from other authors (Mickle et al. 2011; Menz et al. 2005; Spink et al. 2011a). Footwear Footwear is associated with fall risks, although there are many characteristics that make up a shoe and so these factors will be discussed in order of decreasing risk. Heel height is one of the most common factors in the risk of falls, heel heights of 4.5cm or greater have been found to increase risks (Menant et al. 2008; Menz et al. 2006; Tencer et al. 2004; Sherrington et al. 2002; Spink et al. 2011, Lord et al. 1999). Elevated heels cause significant sway and reduction of balance when compared to low heeled shoes (Menant et al. 2008). Other suboptimal shoe features include lack of adequate fixation (Sherrington et al. 2002), low heel-collared shoes (Menant et al. 2008; Sherrington et al. 2002; Lord et al. 1999) and excessive flexation (Sherrington et al. 2002; Menant et al. 2006). Bare feet, socks and slippers are quoted as higher risk of falls in a number of findings (Sherrington et al. 2002; Menz et al. 2006). Whilst shoe sole hardness is found to be a risk factor in some findin gs (Sherrington et al. 2002; Menant et al. 2008), Lord et al. (1999) found no relation between shoe hardness and risk of falls. Orthoses have been used as interventions to reduce pain in older adults with disabling foot pain, thus countering the highest risk in foot characteristics with a footwear solution (Spink et al. 2011b). Orthoses shift the weight load of the foot to areas without pain and are moulded to the individual foot. Most findings agree that the most optimal footwear to reduce the risk of falls is low heeled shoes (less than 4.5cm) and high heel-collared shoes (Menant et al. 2008; Tencer et al. 2004; Sherrington et al. 2002; Spink et al. 20011a and 2011b, Lord et al. 1999), with hard soles or reduced shoe flexibility (Menant et al. 2008; Tencer et al. 2004; Sherrington et al. 2002; Spink et al. 20011a and 2011b,) and high contact area (Tencer et al. 2004). Conclusions The role of footwear and foot characteristics and their contribution to risk of falls in an elderly population has a multiplicity of factors and an overriding weakness in the literature is being unable to take into account other factors such as musculoskeletal problems.   As risk factors can be very specific to the individual it is important to discuss the overriding risks found within the literature. Foot pain and weakness of ankle and toe are a significant risk factor of fall, as is disabling foot pain. Footwear associated with higher risk of fall includes barefoot, slippers or high heels, as well as poor or no fixation. Footwear with the least risk of fall has been found to be low heeled (less than 4.5cm) shoes with good surface area contact. Fall risk can be reduced, especially in those with disabling foot pain, by use of orthoses and shoes with good fixation, as well as targeting weakness of foot and ankle by a regime of exercise. Risk in those with symptomatic toe deformity may require medical interventions. References Badlissi, F.; Dunn, JE.; Link, CL.; (2005) Foot musculoskeletal disorders, pain, and foot-related functional limitation in older persons, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Volume: 53  Ã‚   Issue: 6  Ã‚   Pages: 1029-1033 Lord SR.; Bashford GM; Howland A.; Munroe BJ.; (1999) Effects of shoe collar height and sole hardness on balance in older women JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Volume: 47  Ã‚   Issue: 6  Ã‚   Pages: 681-684 Menant, Jasmine C.; Steele, Julie R.; Menz, Hylton B.; (2008) Effects of footwear features on balance and stepping in older people, GERONTOLOGY,   Volume: 54  Ã‚   Issue: 1  Ã‚   Pages: 18-23 Menz, HB; Morris, ME; Lord, SR (2005) Foot and ankle characteristics associated with impaired balance and functional ability in older people, JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES,   Volume: 60  Ã‚   Issue: 12  Ã‚   Pages: 1546-1552 Menz, HB; Morris, ME; Lord, SR (2006) Footwear characteristics and risk of indoor and outdoor falls in older people, GERONTOLOGY, Volume: 52  Ã‚   Issue: 3  Ã‚   Pages: 174-180 Mickle, Karen J.; Munro, Bridget J.; Lord, Stephen R.; (2010) Foot pain, plantar pressures, and falls in older people: A prospective study, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Volume: 58  Ã‚   Issue: 10  Ã‚   Pages: 1936-1940 Mickle, Karen J.; Munro, Bridget J.; Lord, Stephen R.; (2011) Cross-sectional analysis of foot function, functional ability, and health-related quality of life in older people with disabling foot pain ARTHRITIS CARE RESEARCH,   Volume: 63  Ã‚   Issue: 11  Ã‚   Pages: 1592-1598 Sherrington Catherine; Menz, Hylton B.; (2002) An evaluation of footwear worn at the time of fall†related hip fracture AGE AGEING, Volume: 32  Ã‚   Issue: 3  Ã‚   Pages: 310-314. Spink, Martin J.; Fotoohabadi, Mohammad R.; Wee, Elin; (2011a) Foot and ankle strength, range of motion, posture, and deformity are associated with balance and functional ability in older adults ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION,   Volume: 92  Ã‚   Issue: 1  Ã‚   Pages: 68-75 Spink, Martin J.; Menz, Hylton B.; Fotoohabadi, Mohammad R.; Wee, Elin; Landorf, Karl B.; Hill, Keith D. Lord, Stephen R.; (2011b) Effectiveness of a multifaceted podiatry intervention to prevent fall in community dwelling older people with disabling foot pain: randomised controlled trial BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Volume: 342  Ã‚   Pages: 1-8 Tencer AF.; Koepsell TD.; Wolf ME.; Frankenfeld CL.; Buchner DM.; Kukull WA.; LaCroix AZ.; Larson EB.; Tautvydas M.; (2004) Biomechanical properties of shoes and risk of fall in older adults JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY; Volume: 52  Ã‚   Issue: 11  Ã‚   Pages: 1840- 1846 The role of footwear and foot characteristics in reducing falls in older people Study Objective The role of footwear and foot characteristics in reducing falls in older people Study ObjectiveOutcome variablesParticipant/study selectionInclusion/exclusion criteriaRandomisationBaseline differencesInterventions usedDemographicsTime frame of studyParticipant flowStatistical analysisCompleteness of follow upReferencesRelated Study Objective The role of footwear and foot characteristics has been extensively studied in older people to understand how these factors interact to induce falls, and further to endeavour to reduce fall as this has been classified as one of the more prevalent means of injury in older adults. Studies often focus on the interactions of footwear, foot mobility and flexation, and musculoskeletal disorders of the foot. Menant et al. (2008) systematically investigated the relationship between footwear characteristics, balance and stepping in older adults. They used specially designed footwear with contrasting features which included 6 different designs, a standard shoe, identically shaped soft and hard sole, a high heel-collar shoe, an elevated heel shoe, a bevelled heel shoe, a flared sole and a tread soled shoe, which were used to assess coordinated stability and choice stepping reaction times. In contrast, Menz et al. (2006) sought to determine the relationship between footwear characteristics and th e risk of indoor and outdoor falls in older people. The study used only two shoe types that were supplied by the participants; these were a soft indoor shoe (slippers) and their normal outdoor shoes. The study explored the relationship between the footwear features and the frequency of falls in older adults by separately assessing indoor and outdoor falls. Determining the correlation between musculoskeletal foot disorders, pain and functional stability is the most common form of fall study, perhaps because these relationships have less variation than shoe characteristics. Badlissi et al. (2005) investigated the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders of the foot (for example pes cavus, pes planus, claw toe, hammertoe, mallet toe, overlapping toes, hallux valgus/bunion, bunionette, and plantar fasciitis) and foot pain and functional limitation, measured on scales of 0-100 for foot pain while functional limitations were measured as walking times on a range of 0-4, to determine how foot pain mediated the relationship. Menz et al. (2005) studied the comparative contribution of a number of foot and ankle features to performance on a range of balance and functional tests, building on previous work, to determine whether these tests could explain further variation in balance and functional performance after standard sensorimotor factors were measured. Spink et al. (2011) also investigated foot characteristics in older adults, determining the degree that foot and ankle strength, range of motion, posture, and deformity were related to performance, using tests that measured balance and functional ability. Pain studies have also been used to assess falls. Mickle et al. (2010) determined if foot pain and plantar pressure were connected with falls in older people. The investigation focussed on the association of plantar pressures with foot pain in older adults and how foot pain or dynamic plantar pressures increase the risk of falls in this population, using ambulatory data from this group of community-dwelling older people. A follow-on study by Mickle et al. (2011) sought to establish whether disabling foot pain could be associated with functional foot characteristics, functional ability, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in retired adults. The principal objective was to determine whether disabling foot pain was connected with foot function quality, practical ability, and HRQOL in older adults, using two definitions (A: reduced ankle dorsiflexion and hallus flexor strength. B: reduced flexor strength of the lesser toes and increased foot reaction time and postural sway). Outcome variables The outcome variables for the footwear studies used similar measurements. Menant et al. (2008) measured a series of balance and stepping tests in the eight randomly presented shoe conditions. Maximum balance range and body sway measurements, coordinated stability and Choice-Stepping Reaction Time was assessed in each footwear style. In contrast, Menz (2006) measured footwear characteristics including shoe style, ï ¬ xation (buckle, velco etc.), heel height, counter height and width, critical   tipping angle, sole rigidity and ï ¬â€šexion point, tread pattern, sole hardness and heel counter stiffness with respect to specific incidence of fall. Badlissi et al. (2005) measured foot disorders e.g pes cavus, pes planus, claw toe, hammertoe, mallet toe, overlapping toes, hallux valgus/bunion, bunionette, and plantar fasciitis against foot pain. Foot health was measured on a range of 0–100, and walk time was scored on a range of 0–4. Spink (2011) measured foot and ankle strength by dynamometry, motion range, posture, deformity, and balance tests which measured postural sway, balance range extent, lateral steadiness, co-ordinated steadiness) Functional ability tests (alternate step, sit-to-stand, timed 6-m walk) were used to assess foot and ankle strength, whereas Menz (2005) tested foot and ankle characteristics (foot posture, range of motion, strength and deformity) against sensorimotor functions, which included vision, sensation, strength and reaction time, as well as balance and functional aptitude as measured using standing and leaning balance, stepping, sit to stand and walking speeds. Mickle et al. (2010) classified participants into two categories (faller or non-faller) based on falls incidence over 12 months. Pain was calculated with the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) that employs questions consisting of statements about the participant’s foot or foot pain. Finally, dynamic plantar pressures were measured during a walk over a pressure platform which was used to represent bare-foot dynamic foot function. Mickle et al. (2011) also employed MFPDI to establish foot pain. Foot function was characterised by foot reaction time, ankle dorsiï ¬â€šexion strength and ï ¬â€šexibility, hallux and lesser toe ï ¬â€šexor strength, and spatiotemporal gait parameters. Finally, volunteers performed postural sway tasks, those with disabling foot pain were classiï ¬ ed using original and conservative deï ¬ nitions from Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36).   Pain-free was subsequently compared with individuals with pain following adjustments for gen der and body mass index (BMI). Participant/study selection The participant study for these investigations was older adults of retirement age, without comparisons to younger adults. Badlissi et al. (2005) used a very large sample (n=5784) of ethnically diverse adults aged 65 and older for their study into foot disorders. For the footwear studies, Menant et al. (2008) used 29 community-dwelling volunteers recruited from a research database aged ≠¥70 years with a mean age of 79.1 (+/-3.7) years of which 15 were females, while Menant et al. (2008) had the smallest cohort with only 29 community-dwelling volunteers with a mean age of 79.1 (3.7) years. Menz et al. (2006) used 176 volunteers from a retirement village (56 men and 120 women), aged between 62–96 (mean age 80.1, SD 6.4). For the studies into foot characteristics Menz et al. (2005) used the same cohort as their previous study (n=176), while Spink et al. (2011) employed a larger randomized cross-sectional study of people (n=305) over 65 years, participants ranged between 65–93 years. The pain studies by Mickle et al.   (2010 and 2011) used the same participants of 312 community-dwelling people (154 female, 158 male) recruited from arbitrarily chosen federal electorates of New South Wales, Australia. Inclusion/exclusion criteria The exclusion criteria for all seven studies included that the participants were not bed or chair-bound; unable to ambulate household distances unaided (10m), unable to communicate in English (or Spanish (Badlissi et al. (2005)). Further exclusion criteria included neurodegenerative disorders and lower-limb amputation (Spink et al. (2011), Mickle et al. (2010 and 2011)). The ability to pass the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire was deemed necessary by Menz et al. (2005 and 2006) and Mickle et al. (2010 and 2011). While Mickle et al. (2010 and 2011) also stated that participants were required to arrange transport to testing venues; furthermore trials were discarded if obvious gait deviations or targeting of the pressure platform were detected. Randomisation Only studies into pain by Mickle et al. (2010 and 2011) used any form of randomisation in the choice of the study participants. Baseline differences Basline differences measured prior to studies being undertaken were performed by Menz et al. (2006) who assessed participants most-used indoor and outdoor footwear and the right shoe was characterised by a single examiner into 16 basic shoe categories. Mickle et al. (2010 and 2011) used MFPDI to establish baseline foot pain and dynamic plantar pressures. Interventions used The studies into footwear (Menant et al. (2008) and Menz et al. (2006)) employed footwear interventions, however, while Menz et al. (2006) studies shoes types already owned by the participants, Menant et al. (2008) supplied specifically designed shoes for the study. Demographics Almost all studies used volunteers from community/retirement village volunteers, apart from Mickle et al. (2010 and 2011) who recruited study volunteers from arbitrarily chosen federal electorates of New South Wales, Australia. The age range was continuous after retirement age (60+ years) without bias towards gender, race or ethnicity. Other demographic characteristics included weight, height and BMI as well as foot and other medical conditions. Time frame of study Study time-frames ranged from 1 day to 1 week, while follow-up resulted in 1 year, however, only Menz et al. (2006) and Mickle et al. (2010) required 1 year. Participant flow (No data in any of the studies related to this topic) Statistical analysis Badlissi et al. (2005) employed logistic regression to acquire adjusted-odds ratios (95% conï ¬ dence intervals) to show interaction between foot musculoskeletal disorders and pain, with potential confounders adjustment. Subsequently, stepwise multiple linear regression was used to assess variance in walk tests and foot disorders were explained by the FHFS scale scores. Menant et al. (2008) used repeated-measures ANOVA with simple contrasts for statistical analysis of the data, while Menz et al. (2006) assessed the differences in foot-wear characteristics and physiological falls risk factors between fallers and non-fallers using independent samples t-tests (for continuously scored variables) and dichotomous variables. Footwear variables with signiï ¬ cant difference between the two catagories were further assessed using logistic regression analysis with adjustment for confounders identiï ¬ ed by univariate analyses. Menz et al (2005) applied descriptive statistics with multiple and step-wise regression. To define the relationship between foot and ankle characteristics, sensorimotor measures, balance and functional test performance scores, Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) were used. Spink et al. (2011) also employed PCC to examine relationships between foot and ankle strength and range-of-motion measures and the balance and functional test performance scores and independent sample t-tests to measure difference in balance and functional test scores with Hierarchic stepwise multiple regression analysis. Mickle et al. (2010) applied Chi-square values to establish frequency of foot pain differences between fallers and nonfallers. Independent t-tests was employed to establish signiï ¬ cant differences in peak pressure or pressure-time for the two groups and one-way analysis of covariance to ascertain signiï ¬ cance in peak plantar pressure or pressure-time integral data created by participant reports of foot pain and pain-free. Mickle et al. (2011) also used analysis of covariance tests to determine signiï ¬ cant differences in SF-36 scores, foot function, or postural sway variables in volunteers reporting foot pain or pain-free, while gender and BMI were input as covariates. Similarly, chi-square tests compared the frequency of responses between pain deï ¬ nitions. Completeness of follow up Of the seven studies investigated, only Menz et al. (2006) and Mickle et al. (2010) conducted follow up studies, which occurred one year later. The follow-up required participants to record falls over the 12 month period and comparisons were then made between ‘fallers’ and ‘non-fallers’. References Badlissi, F; Dunn, JE; Link, CL; (2005) Foot musculoskeletal disorders, pain, and foot-related functional limitation in older persons, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Volume: 53  Ã‚   Issue: 6  Ã‚   Pages: 1029-1033 Menant, Jasmine C.; Steele, Julie R.; Menz, Hylton B.; (2008) Effects of footwear features on balance and stepping in older people, GERONTOLOGY,   Volume: 54  Ã‚   Issue: 1  Ã‚   Pages: 18-23 Menz, HB; Morris, ME; Lord, SR (2005) Foot and ankle characteristics associated with impaired balance and functional ability in older people, JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES,   Volume: 60  Ã‚   Issue: 12  Ã‚   Pages: 1546-1552 Menz, HB; Morris, ME; Lord, SR (2006) Footwear characteristics and risk of indoor and outdoor falls in older people, GERONTOLOGY, Volume: 52  Ã‚   Issue: 3  Ã‚   Pages: 174-180 Mickle, Karen J.; Munro, Bridget J.; Lord, Stephen R.; (2010) Foot Pain, Plantar Pressures, and Falls in Older People: A Prospective Study, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Volume: 58  Ã‚   Issue: 10  Ã‚   Pages: 1936-1940 Mickle, Karen J.; Munro, Bridget J.; Lord, Stephen R.; (2011) Cross-Sectional Analysis of Foot Function, Functional Ability, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older People With Disabling Foot Pain ARTHRITIS CARE RESEARCH,   Volume: 63  Ã‚   Issue: 11  Ã‚   Pages: 1592-1598 Spink, Martin J.; Fotoohabadi, Mohammad R.; Wee, Elin; (2011) Foot and Ankle Strength, Range of Motion, Posture, and Deformity Are Associated With Balance and Functional Ability in Older Adults ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION,   Volume: 92  Ã‚   Issue: 1  Ã‚   Pages: 68-75

World leaders and their leadership styles. How did they affect the Research Paper

World leaders and their leadership styles. How did they affect the world - Research Paper Example This paper discusses a number of world leaders and their affect on the world today. Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was a powerful and relentless leader who was considered to be an inspiring leader during his early years of leadership as he demonstrated his intellectual capabilities during phase one of World War II by directing the Blitzkrieg tactics. The strategic capability of Adolf Hitler assisted the army in handling the unforeseen shock attacks against airfields, military installations and communication centers. Hitler amused his followers by winning the May 1940 Battle of France and May 1942 Battle of Kharkov. As he faced all the challenges with confidence and courage, he was successful in defeating the Nazi Germany (Megargee, 14). This defeat became famous globally and many remember Adolf Hitler via defeating the Nazi. Adolf Hitler governed the NSDP autocratically by establishing the Fuhrerprinzip  style of leadership; the principle behind it is that all subordinates have to remai n obedient to their superiors and government has a pyramid like structure. Hitler viewed himself as the perfect leader at the apex of the pyramid. In the party, all the positions were filled by people who had high ranks and ensured that they will be obedient to the leader’s will without asking any questions which showed that people having strong powers were given a place in the party (Popper, 64). Compulsion of following the rules of the leaders impacted the followers in making them powerless and also no freedom to speak or protest. Hitler used to give contradictory orders to his subordinates so that the strongest one was able to do the job; as a result, he fostered competition, distrust and power struggle among the subordinates so that he could strengthen his legitimate power. Contrary orders are difficult to abide by as all subordinates are not of the same level and hence there would be many that cannot fulfill the requirements of the order. Before 1941, Adolf Hitler was re garded as an excellent leader who inspired many people but afterwards he became sclerotic and started punishing people for their wrong doings. This started impacting the image of Hitler in a negative way and now in many places he is remembered as a harsh ruler. However, Hitler had strong power in making all operational decisions in Germany and it was under his leadership that Europe and Germany had to face the supreme calamity in his ruling period. The ability of making operational decision timely and accurately allowed him to face success in Germany. Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi was the paramount leader of the Indian nationalism during the period when the British were ruling India. The leader introduced the concept of fighting with a tactic known as ‘non-violent civil disobedience’ by stirring innumerable movements of civil rights, non-violence and freedom worldwide (Barnabas and Paul, 135). This tactic proved to be highly successful for Gandhi and via this strategy h e was able to achieve his goals. Gandhi initiated his first fight for the protection of civil rights of Hindu and Muslim Indians in South Africa by implementing a fresh technique of non-violent public defiance. After years of sincere efforts and determination, the government of South Africa accepted their mistake and decided to compromise with Gandhi on treating everyone equally in the country. This was a huge success achieved by Gandhi and from hereon he became quite successful in fostering other movements. After his return to India in 1915, he joined the Indian National Congress to raise his voice against unacceptable policies and rules of the British government that were depriving people of their rights. One of his famous protests was Salt March against

Pulmonary embolism CT scan case Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pulmonary embolism CT scan case - Dissertation Example Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism is the second most common cause of sudden death. Death occurs within few hours of onset of the condition and in many situations, death occurs much before the diagnosis is made. In those who survive, recurrent embolism and mortality can be prevented by prompt diagnosis and management. However, diagnosis is often missed because of signs and symptoms that are nonspecific. Untreated individuals, who have survived the initial episode, are likely to die due to repeat embolism. Pulmonary embolism can be acute or chronic. Acute embolism occurs when the embolus is situated in the central portion of the vascular lumen or if the embolus occludes the lumen. Chronic embolism occurs when the embolus is eccentric, being contiguous with the wall of the vessel, decreases the diameter of the involved artery by atleast 50 percent and there is evidence of recanalisation or arterial web. Acute embolism distends the the vessel (Ouellette, 2011). Figure 1: Mechanism of pulmonary embolism (medicalook.com) Pulmonary embolism can be peripheral or central based on the branch of the artery located. Main pulmonary artery and its branches, the right and left pulmonary arteries and their subsequent main branches,the anterior trunk, the right and left interlobar arteries, right and left lower lobe arteries, right middle lobe artery and left upper lobe trunk are considered to be central zones. Other branches are peripheral zones (Ouellette, 2011). Pulmonary embolism can be massive or non-massive. Massive embolism occurs when hemodynamic compromise occurs (Ouellette, 2011). The clinical presentation of the condition is highly variable and hence provides scope for missed diagnosis. Classic presentation includes sudden onset of shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain and hypoxia (Ouellette, 2011). Pulmonary embolism is considered to be a complication of venous thromboembolism like deep vein thrombosis, rather than just a disease. Thus, every individual who is at risk of venous thromboembolism is at risk of developing pulmonary embolism (Ouellette, 2011). In normal individuals, microthrombi, which are nothing but aggregates of platelets, lysed red blood cells and fibrin, are formed and subsequently lysed continuously in the venous system. Through such a mechanism, local hemostasis is possible in response to injury, thus preventing uncontrolled propagation of clot (Ouellette, 2011). In view of nonspecific clinical presentation, every individual with unexplained chest pain, tachypnea or dyspnea must undergo specific diagnostic tests to rule out the disease. Non-specific routine tests ar not helpful in establishing or giving clue for diagnosis. The criterion standard for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is pulmonary angiography. However, this is rarely performed now and is replaced by computed tomography angiography or CT angiography which is more sensitive and specific (Ouellette, 2011). Famous personality who died of pulmonary embolism O ne of the famous personalities who died of pulmonary embolism is David Bloom, a noted TV journalist (DPSinfo, 2004). Anatomy The key for accurate interpretation of CT angiography is based on the understanding of bronchovascular anatomy (Refer to Figures 2 and 3). It is very important to adopt systematic approach of identifying vessels (Ouellette, 2011). Figure-2: Branches of pulmonary artery (imaios.com) Figure-3: Bronchopulmonary segments (imaios.com). Pathology Both hemodynamic and respiratory consequences arise due to pulmonary

Small Business Enterprise Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Small Business Enterprise - Case Study Example Good reputation and experience in the industry. Dues to already established positive reputation, further expansion of business involves less risks. Moreover, the managers have experience in the industry, while lack of experience is one of the top reasons of small business failure (Holmes, S. Haswell, S. 1989). High quality of products served. The major reason of coffee shop success is the high quality of food served that results in positive reputation and word of mouth spread of information about services and products offered. While, undoubtedly, there is a vast number of factors that have a positive influence on business functioning, the coffee shop has significant drawbacks that should be particularly considered when planning expansion. Poor marketing campaign. The business has to concentrate on development of the marketing mix alongside with research of the target audience needs. The issue is particularly relevant due to the fact that the target audience of the gift shop is mainly tourists; consequently, word of mouth recommendations are not sufficient enough. The variety of products offered at the gift shop should also be considered in relation to the target audience needs, perhaps, the products list offered should be expanded. Poor labor specialization. Bob and Jane are the only two employees of the business. While their day to day duties involve simple serving work, obviously, the personnel are too qualified for this type of work. By hiring helpers that would serve at the coffee and gift shop, the managers could devote more time to marketing and planning of their business, thus, the efficiency of the business would grow. This issue is particularly relevant when considering business expansion. In order to neutralize the negative effects of business weaknesses, the identified strengths should be matched against weaknesses and on the base of the received outcome further planning should be implemented (Bannock, G. 2005). The effect of poor marketing campaign can be neutralized by further development of positive reputation of the business in the industry alongside with conducting marketing research in access of funds available in terms of the geographic location of the business. Poor labor specialization can be matched against high quality of products served alongside with positive reputation of the business in the industry, since expansion of the business will most likely result in diminished contacts with clients (Bitner, L. Powell, J. 1987). Part II: Existing Business Improvement and Expansion Consequently, the business should concentrate on development of the marketing mix applicable in the present situation alongside with marketing planning and labor specialization that should be considered in terms of business expansion. While development of the marketing mix and marketing campaign as well as research of the present market should be outsourced to the third party, e. g. marketing agency, such issues as financial planning and staffing should be directly solved by the management. Marketing and promotion is crucial to any business. Development of

How is International Law Enforced Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

How is International Law Enforced - Thesis Example Laws are only as good as their ability to be enforced and in a decentralized world that is torn apart by self-seeking interests and motives, enforcement of international laws seems a very tall order. This is evinced by the way the organs of the United Nations have behaved in the past, particularly the Security Council, which had difficulty arriving at consensus in resolving problems simply because the chamber has, most of the time, become an extended arena of power struggle. Moreover, not only is the entire international judicial and legal system underpinned by the voluntary participation and submission of parties to the jurisdiction of these courts, but such courts seem impervious to private individuals and entities. The bottom line is that any difficulty in enforcing international law is caused by the lack of necessary support mechanism that is underpinned by the monopoly of legitimate force by a singular, supreme authority that exercises compulsory jurisdiction. Nonetheless, there is little chance that a more revolutionary system of enforcement could substitute the present along the lines of enforcement systems found in municipal laws considering that the nature of association of states is based on voluntariness and respect for one another’s sovereignty. One has only to look back on what the Versailles Treaty has brought to the world as a consequence. The enforcement of international law therefore, would have to continue relying largely on diplomacy, negotiation, state cooperation and third party proxy enforcement, among others; unless there is compelling need to do otherwise. II. Fundamentals of International Law International law is commonly defined as a body of rules governing the relations of states. It is a legal system separate and opposed to the concepts of municipal law, domestic law, national law or internal law allied to an association of human society coming from various jurisdictions. One of the important and distinct features of internati onal law is the breadth of its jurisdiction transcends political boundaries. Thus, international laws govern the conduct of the citizens of more than one country or the conduct of various states with one another on different areas such as economic, political or social (Fichtelberg 43; Ross 12). International law has various sources, but treaties and conventions form the primary foundation of its realm. A treaty or convention is a voluntary agreement between or among several countries, which contain the terms and provisions of how such countries are to conduct themselves with respect to the subject of the agreement. Examples are the Treaty of Versailles, the Treaty of Paris and the European Convention Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (or ECHR). According to Article 38(1) of the International Court of Justice, aside from international conventions, the following also serve to guide its determination of applicable international law: international custom; the general principles of l aw recognized and practiced by civilized states, and; as subsidiary sources - judicial decisions, teachings of prominent international scholars (cited Malanczuk and Akehurst 36-37; Malone 5-6). The function

China S Big Mac Attack Media Essay

China S Big Mac Attack Media Essay American companies are charged with exporting American culture along with their products. This is not a new occurrence as this charge can be traced back to the sugar and tobacco trades of old. To further explore this accusation I will review two writings that attempt to tackle the subject, although from totally different perspectives. The first is an essay by J.L. Watson called Chinas Big Mac Attack which takes a laissez-faire look at the events that lead up to Chinas love affair with the fast food giant. The second writing is a book by Benjamin Barber titled Jihad vs. McWorld that presents a much darker look at multi-national corporations and their diabolical plot to capture the world. My contention is that neither extreme is correct, the truth lying somewhere in the middle as is the case with most complex issues. According to Watson in Chinas Big Mac Attack (2000), fast food restaurants have made considerable inroads into Chinese culture; consequently, he asks the question: Is globalism and its cultural variant, McDonaldization the face of the future? (Watson, 2000) An essential inquiry as we begin our examination of western influences on the rest of the world. First Watson professes to review the writings of the theorists who argue that transnational corporations like McDonalds provide the shock troops for a new form of imperialism that is far more successful, and therefore more insidious, than its militaristic antecedents (Watson, 2000). But instead of academicians, he analyses op-ed writers such as Ronald Steel and Thomas Friedman, who has noted that no countries with McDonalds have ever fought each other in a war (Watson, 2000). To further examine the riddle of the successful inroads made by fast food corporations, Watson next delves into the history of McDonalds in Hong Kong (a British consulate where McDonalds was promotedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ as an outpost of American culture (Watson, 2000). Because of transformations in family life and traditional family values in China, Watson observes that McDonalds has taken advantage of a budding focus on the needs and aspirations of the modern Chinese family, especially given the lavish attention bestowed upon the single child, the little emperors and empresses who are particularly defenseless to the amusement of Uncle McDonald (Watson, 2000). Although, there are those that will disagree, Watson points out that McDonalds has become a target for public protests against America, which has amplified the symbolic load borne by the golden arches (Watson, 2000). McDonalds has countered by disciplining its employees and its customer base, and by doing so, has attracted an elite group flourishing within the modernized, consumer-based cultures that are emerging in markets around the world. McDonalds has ingeniously entrenched itself into the local cultures in such a way that it is increasingly difficult to see where the transnational ends and the local begins (Watson, 2000). The changing of cultural norms because of western impositions is further illustrated in Watson by discussion of the line which is first mandated by managers but later self-enforced by regular customers (Watson, 2000); ironically, public civility is now associated with western norms in Asian cities like Beijing. The cultural contrasts between fast food establishments in America and Beijing becomes more apparent, however, in Watsons discussion of how consumers in the Far East have turned the fast food restaurants into community centers where they can safely visit, read, or en tertain (Watson, 2000). Like James Watson, Benjamin Barber acknowledges in his book Jihad vs. McWorld (1992), that the concepts associated with multinationals such as McDonalds, Disney, and Coke are more powerful than military force: What is the power of the Pentagon compared with Disneyland? Can the Sixth Fleet keep up with CNN? McDonalds in Moscow and Coke in China will do moreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ than military colonization ever could (Barber, 1992, p. 12). The first part of the book involves McWorld, the ever- growing service sector of the international economy, mainly as it manifests itself in what Barber calls the infotainment telesector, American in culture if not always in name. He sums it up in a score of brand names and pop icons: Disney and Paramount, Nike and Reebok, Madonna and MTV, Coke and Pepsi, Homer Simpson and Batman, Kentucky Fried Chicken and, needless to say, McDonalds. These multi-national corporations are, according to Barber, relentlessly promoting its ideology of fun at the expense of lo cal institutions and folkways, this virtual economy of images and lifestyles promises to become nothing less than a world monoculture (Barber, 1992, p. 58). For civic life, this is particularly bad news, Barber contends. Manipulated by promotion, spin, packaging, and advertising, citizens lose awareness of public matters, falling prey to passive consumption and devoting themselves exclusively to the satisfaction of their consumer wants. According to Barber in Jihad vs. McWorld we face two possible political futures both bleak, neither democratic [either] a Jihad in the name of a hundred narrowly conceived faiths against every kind of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦social cooperation and civic mutuality, [or] one commercially homogenous global network: one McWorld tied together by technology, ecology, communications, and commerce (Barber, 1992, p. 315). Barber indicates that the forces of Jihad and the forces of McWorld operate with equal strength in opposite directions so as to create a centrifugal whirlwind that competes with a centripetal black hole (Barber, 1992, p. 315). Neither version is presented as a desirable outcome. Barber asserts that McWorld has eroded national boundaries because all national markets have become vulnerable to free trade and international banking / currency exchanges that allow and privilege transnational and multinational corporations and entities like the World Bank. On the surface, peace is fostered by open markets. Religious and racial markers become less important when the more important characteristic of being human is seen as being able to shop and consume. (Barber, 1992, p. 16). Furthermore, no one country can sustain itself as an autarky anymore; we are all interdependent. Even wealthy countries like the United States depend on resources (like oil) found in other areas of the world (Barber, 1992, p. 372). The flow of goods is paralleled by the flow of ideas across boundaries because of modern developments in science and technology, particularly in the integration of computer, television, cable, satellite, laser, fiber-optic, and microchip technologies that have given us access to information and people all of the time in all places (Barber, 1992, p. 108). Barber warns that capitalism and democracy have a relationship, but it is something less than a marriage (Barber, 1992, p. 126). Principally in ecological and environmental matters, capitalism has created greater inequality because the modern world cannot afford to allow developing countries to consume natural resources at the progressively more devastating rate that we see happening in the current consumer markets. The U.S. is experiencing, through increased immigration and more socially liberal views, a shift in family values. As the manufacturing base in the United States continues to be shifted abroad, the western culture remains the last product available for export. As we have already seen in discussions of changing families and values in the U.S., globally, these changes are taking root in many parts of the world, so that these debates between being a consumer or a citizen take on global implications. Six billion people consuming at the same rate that Americans now consume would inevitably lead to environmental destruction and disputes would lead to wars over natural resources. As Watson acknowledges, the question is no longer simply whose culture is it that dominates; the more important question is what will be the outcome of adventurism associated with rising affluence (Watson, 2000) as markets are opened and imports (and the Internet) make shopping a world-wide event? The question of prevention hinges on whether this phenomenon should be halted or prevented in the first place. The more alike all individuals are as a global people, the less reason there will be for wars. Most wars today are fought on the basis of differences. The difference in question may be religion, politics, race, or culture. Differences and diversity may be great if these items are dragged out on holidays or practiced in private. However, when these cultural or religious differences invade the work-place or the government, it is a recipe for disaster and exclusion. If Wal-Mart, McDonalds, and the American media can bring about this homogenyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦more power to them.

Mobile Phones :: essays research papers

The Mobile Revolution Rakesh Mohan Hallen By March 2004 the total number of cell phone users in India exceeded 3 crores. Experts call it a mobile revolution. People from all walks of life, of all ages use them. They carry it in their hands, pockets or purses. One can find advertisements related to cell phones anywhere: roads, newspapers, and television. Theoretically one can contact a person carrying a mobile (cell phone) anywhere, anytime. But few are aware of the technology that makes it possible. It is not very difficult to become aware of its nitty-gritties. How it works To use a cell phone one needs a handset. The handset of a cell phone, as you might have seen, has a small screen at one end and a panel of buttons below it. Some handsets have a small antenna that is protruding out from its, but it is not universal. Some modern handsets are foldable so that when not in use the panel of buttons is not visible, these handsets have a larger screen that can display colour pictures also. The essential component of the technology that make cell phone possible are networks of a large number of radio transmitters/receivers. Each cell phone company has a network of this kind that is controlled in each city/state by its central office known as MTSO (Mobile Telephone Switching Office) . You know that our body is made up of many cells. These networks are also cellular akin to the body of any animal. The area covered by a cell phone company, a city or a state, for its services is divided into zones that are called its cells. Thus the network of a cellular company is made up of many such cells. Each of these cells has a moderately sized radio transmitter/receiver and a microprocessor based instrument somewhat like a computer, located at a place known as its base station. Base stations can communicate with each other. They can easily located in a town/city because of the prominent size of their antenna above some buildings. A cell phone handset is also a low power radio transmitter/receiver. It can transmit as well as receive electromagnetic waves from its closest base station when it is powered on. As soon as one turns on a cell phone handset it listens for SID (System Identification Code - a unique 5-digit number that is assigned to each carrier by the central authority say TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) and is programmed into each handset when it is activated by a company.